• time studies and labor standards
• time studies and improved procedures
• scientific management
• ergonomics

• Dark side of "old I.E."

• Frederick Taylor, control freak

• Meat machine concept
• Insider/Outsider

• Lessons for today

Stopwatches

Frederick Taylor: The story of Schmidt

UPS, Labor unions, work standards

Typically, average times fudge factor

(/1-allowance factor)

Basic motions, therbligs

• Frank Gilbreth buttons his shirt
• Bricklaying
• Use of photography
• Principle: economy of motion
• Principle: observe experts

Increase the size of the pie….

…and everyone does better. Workers and management all want increased productivity and profits. Objective goals, not personality issues.